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April Foolishness

April, thank heavens, is nearly over. It’s been a real seesaw ride, with on-again/off-again tariffs, roll backs of environmental safeguards, and wild gyrations in the U.S. and other global stock markets. Civil rights are under attack, amid detentions and deportations of highly questionable legality. Along with all this have come near constant doses of hyperbole, vitriol, and vacuousness from various U.S. national officials. Whoa!  

Outside the U.S., wars in Gaza and Ukraine grind on, causing ever-deepening destruction and human misery. Despite our current President’s boast of ending the Ukrainian conflict even before his inauguration, what talks are occurring seem far from establishing even a temporary cease fire, let alone a resolution of the status of disputed territory plus security guarantees to prevent a recurrence. In Gaza, regardless of Israeli Defense Force claims to be hunting just Hamas terrorists, the density of the Gazan population means that more and more civilians are being killed, maimed, or starved to death. Globally, various other armed conflicts simmer or worsen, less noticed in America-based publicity. 

To adjust my perspective a bit, I went back to an artistic work from the previous time the world seemed on the brink of falling apart, in the early 1940’s. I watched the classic Charlie Chaplin movie, “The Great Dictator,” originally released in October, 1940. At that time, the U.S. had not yet entered the rapidly spreading conflict we now know as World War II. However, German military forces had occupied Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, and much of France. Germany’s then-ally, the Soviet Union, had annexed the Baltic states of Latvia, Lithuania, and Estonia, while German ally Italy had invaded Greece. The German air force was conducting frequent bombing raids over Great Britain. Jews in Warsaw, Poland were being herded into an increasingly crowded and restrictive ghetto.

In the movie, Chaplin plays both anti-semitic dictator Adenoid Hynkel, ruler of the mythical country of Tomainia, and his look-alike, an anonymous Jewish barber who’d previously fought for Tomainia during the first World War and had suffered twenty years of amnesia stemming from his injuries. The barber, after returning to his former shop, regaining his memory, and being caught up in anti-semitic raids, flees with his former commander, both of them dressed in military uniforms. The barber is mistakenly presumed to be Hynkel and is pressured into giving a speech to the citizens of the neighboring country of Osterlich, recently invaded by Hynkel’s troops. Impersonating Hynkel, the barber, instead of more bombast, gives an impassioned speech about the need for peace and justice: 

“I’m sorry, but I don’t want to be an emperor. That’s not my business. I don’t want to rule or conquer anyone. I should like to help everyone – if possible – Jew, Gentile – black man – white. We all want to help one another. Human beings are like that. We want to live by each other’s happiness – not by each other’s misery. … To those who can hear me, I say – do not despair. The misery that is now upon us is but the passing of greed – the bitterness of men who fear the way of human progress. The hate of men will pass, and dictators die, and the power they took from the people will return to the people. And so long as men die, liberty will never perish.”

Though release of “The Great Dictator” was initially limited in some U.S. cities with substantial German-American populations, over time it became Chaplin’s most successful film commercially. The film has also won critical acclaim as one of the greatest comedies ever produced. In 1997, it was selected by the Library of Congress for inclusion in the National Film Registry.

As we approach the final day of this tumultuous month, it may be just coincidence that April 30 marks a couple of other transitions in recent history: On April 30, 1945, Adolf Hitler committed suicide in his Berlin bunker, as opposing troops closed in from both west and east; on April 30, 1975, the final Americans left South Vietnam after a generation of American involvement, as troops from the north shelled the presidential palace in Saigon.

This April, we’re also marking a transition of leadership in one of the world’s major faiths. We’re partway through a nine day period of mourning for Pope Francis, who died earlier in April. For over a dozen years, Francis used his papacy to speak up for the world’s underserved—our natural environment, and those of our human citizens who have least benefited from the global economy.  

While watching one bombastic leader hold forth in an Oval Office centered on a toy airplane, we can remember that his style is not the only possible option. Both Chaplin’s barber and the former leader whose simple casket was recently laid to rest provide viable counterexamples.

Newsworthy?

The news seems to come at us faster and faster these days. With so many channels and so many media, it can be hard to keep track. Hard, too, to keep away from the insistent, worrisome chatter. Might our job/investment portfolio/health care/retirement income go up in smoke if we don’t pay close enough attention? Might the next global conflict be just around the corner? Might the U.S. devolve into its next civil war during the current congressional or presidential term? Will we ever get to civil peace again?

Most mental health advice suggests that limiting our news consumption helps maintain our sanity. When we pay too much attention, we can easily succumb to the belief that everything is out of control, that things are bad and getting worse. 

It helps me to take a step back. Being older in this instance can also be an asset. Having endured prior booms, busts, and disasters helps me put things into perspective. 

As a lifelong bookworm, I’ve also developed during the past couple of decades some “go to” volumes for perspective adjustment. Two stand out, both for their global range, and for their hopefulness: 

———–

Half the Sky, by Nicholas Kristof and Sheryl WuDunn, was published in 2009. Its title derives from the Chinese folk proverb, “Women hold up half the sky.” The book focusses on women’s situations in the developing world and how we might achieve women’s development goals globally. Kristof and WuDunn explore some of the gaps and practices that continue to disenfranchise women and girls. The authors stress adequate health care, education, and entrepreneurship as avenues for progress, benefitting both women and men. They present vivid examples, while being realistic about roadblocks. One is our human tendency to focus on individual stories over the “big picture.” For example, in discussing maternal mortality ratios, they touch briefly on overall statistics. Global data on such rates, from 2005, ranged from 1 death per 100,000 live births in Ireland to 2,100 in Sierra Leone. The authors then write: “…[W]e hesitate to pile on the data, since even when numbers are persuasive, they are not galvanizing. …[S]tatistics have a dulling effect, while it is individual stories that move people to act.” (p. 99)  

Factfulness, by Hans Rosling with Ola Rosling and Anna Rosling Rönnlund, was published in 2018. The subtitle to the Roslings’ book is attitude adjusting all by itself: “Ten Reasons We’re Wrong About the World—and Why Things Are Better Than You Think.” Hans Rosling died while the book was in progress and was succeeded in authorship by his son and daughter-in-law. Hans gained wide recognition as a global health researcher who made statistics both more approachable and more relevant. He pioneered representing global datasets with proportionately sized bubbles for different countries or regions. He also showed bubbles in motion for longer term trends. (You may want to watch his TED talk from 2006 on late 20th century human fertility, health, wealth, and change titled “The Best Stats You’ve Ever Seen,” or a 4-minute BBC presentation of “200 years of health and wealth in 200 countries.”)  

In Factfulness, the Roslings sum up Hans’ life’s work by pointing out the harmful “instincts” that can skew our assessments of overall conditions. One that I find especially prevalent in current news is the “size instinct.” As they explain: 

“You tend to get things out of proportion. I do not mean to sound rude. Getting things out of proportion, or misjudging the size of things, is something that we humans do naturally. It is instinctive to look at a lonely number and misjudge its importance. …

The media is this instinct’s friend.  …

The size instinct directs our limited attention and resources toward those individual instances or identifiable victims, those concrete things right in front of our eyes.”  (pp. 128-129)

———-

Much of our current media, it seems to me, suffers greatly from overuse of the  “size instinct.” Though huge numbers can get bandied about without much context, much of our media highlights whichever isolated facts promote their respective political agendas. Our size instinct is not new, but can get amplified in our media-saturated lives. 

Several decades ago, I was exposed to the slogan “Think globally, act locally.” The Kristof/WuDunn and Rosling books remind me to pay attention to widespread, longer term trends, while at the same time concentrating my energies and skills toward making the locale where I live a little bit more humane, a little bit more equitable. Facts are mutable over time. Women do hold up half the sky. And if enough of us make small improvements wherever we are, over time we’ll become worthy of better news.  

Five Finger Exercise

A few weeks before the 2024 U.S. election, I attended a local workshop about healing, mostly self healing. I hoped to learn some new skills, brush up on some older ones, to hone practices for remaining calmer and more focussed, as this national political campaign neared its quadrennial conclusion. 

I was reminded to practice paying attention to my breath—afterward I resumed early morning sessions of “yoga breathing” several days each week. The workshop provided refreshers about reframing difficult situations to try to understand and respect opposing viewpoints while not abandoning one’s own. I practiced mirroring what I thought I’d heard, pausing before giving my perspective, then keeping my voice even and speaking slowly. 

One practice that was new to me was a body-based sequence which I’ve attempted to adapt as a just-before-sleep ritual when a day has been especially stressful. It involves using the fingers of both hands to clasp successively, then release, five troubling emotional states: loss, fear, anger, worry, and self-doubt

To practice this five finger exercise, I begin by grasping the thumb of my left hand with all the fingers of my right hand, bringing to mind personal losses, either recent or still raw: death or illness of a family member or close friend, end of a cherished relationship, a natural disaster, violence that has diminished me directly or indirectly. I keep holding onto my left thumb until the anguish of such losses subsides to a more manageable level.  

Then I use my right hand to encircle my left index finger. I review any times during the day just ending when I’ve felt fear. I reflect on how severe the threat was, and how I can develop more effective coping techniques if a similar situation comes up later. Once I’ve gleaned as much wisdom as I can, I move on to the middle finger.

It seems fitting that this is the “anger” finger. Mostly when I start working with this finger, I’m angry at someone—either a personal friend or relative who I believe has slighted me, or a public figure whose abrasiveness I find off-putting. Before I finish with the middle finger, it often occurs to me that it’s the behavior, rather than the person, that I’m most angry at. Forgiveness may or may not come later, but distinguishing a person from his/her bad behavior is a start. 

Dealing with my fourth finger rehashes the worries of the day. This finger reminds me to distinguish between fear and worry. For me, fear is about “big picture” threats like nuclear annihilation, another global pandemic, an asteroid collision, or about being physically assaulted. Worry is instead about niggling little aspects of daily life: Why did our indoor air purifier stop functioning correctly? Why aren’t the spring seeds I planted germinating better? Why has my toothpaste started tasting sour to me? It typically doesn’t take very long to realize the trivial nature of my worries. 

My pinkie is the finger of self-doubt. For me, it’s totally appropriate that this is the final finger of the exercise. No next finger to hurry on to. As much time as I need to regain perspective on my place in the larger scheme of things. It can take a while (I don’t attempt to measure the time) for it to dawn on me that much of my sense of inadequacy comes from the fallacy that, as one of our national politicians likes to put it, “I alone can solve it.” Except for small problems, this is patently untrue. No one, alone, can solve the complex problems our society grapples with, though each of us can play our part. 

After a bit, I do a rewind of my day’s activities. I give myself credit for small acts of kindness and empathy. Sometimes it’s just a smile to a stranger. Other times it’s a small act of service or consideration. If over the course of the day I’ve acted out of malice or spite, I chide myself gently, see if there’s a way I can make amends tomorrow, and then let the episode go. 

Finally, I release my pinkie finger and drift off to sleep. As a well-known Southern belle movie heroine had as her mantra, “Tomorrow is another day.”     

DEI or UIE?

Current dismantling of “diversity, equity, and inclusion” efforts, in our national government and elsewhere, lead me to wonder whether any of us would be willing to be subject to their opposites: uniformity, inequity, and exclusion. 

We too often can seem to be playing a cynical game of zero-sum, short-term “yo-yo” with efforts that have ebbed and flowed for generations, if not millennia. We need to remember that diversity is broader than a label–it includes all our many efforts to understand our differences. Let’s be careful lest, in a push to reform any excesses of DEI, we prematurely abandon valuable progress because of the discomfort that diversity, equity and inclusion work inevitably creates. Be we mainstream or marginalized (most of us can be either, depending on the situation), changing the habits we’ve developed in the ways we treat each other rarely comes naturally. Also, American impatience with the pace of change sometimes redounds to our detriment. For example, among lessons yet to be learned from the covid-19 pandemic is that recovery from a serious societal trauma takes both effort and time. 

An advocate of inclusion I recently came across is author Ty Tashiro, whose 2017 book Awkward, includes a discussion of an increasingly diverse American social landscape and the nearly universal awkwardness this can engender: 

“[I’m] one of those who strongly believes … [that] more inclusionary attitudes toward traditionally marginalized groups have been positive and long overdue. I think it’s important to make clear that I hold a supportive view of these changes because I would also suggest that these societal shifts have come with some societal growing pains. These significant shifts … have created a post-institutional social world where traditional expectations have faded away and new expectations have yet to be clearly defined. It’s all right to admit that social progress comes with a little confusion about what to do next.

Many people are also discovering how much work it takes to truly embrace diversity. It’s one thing for people to say that they support racial diversity, gender equality, or gay marriage, but being fully open to negotiating different attitudes and expectations takes a tremendous amount of social awareness and effort.”  

I believe that some of the current vitriol of our politics and social lives comes from an intersection of burgeoning social media with correspondingly increased diversity in our population. We can too easily get “siloed” in our media diets and either not be exposed to differing views at all or start to view people with differing views as somehow less than human. Over the longer term, we cannot maintain whatever fragile status quo we imagine we’re protecting by building a wall, out-shouting our opponents, or using intimidation. The sooner we resume the slow, important work of promoting diversity, equity, and inclusion, the more likely we are to succeed in our ongoing experiments in democratic governance and civil society.    

Again, Perhaps

Again, we have selected an immigrant’s 
Grandchild, someone with complex business
Dealings and a felony conviction on appeal,
To be our official national leader.

Again, we have projected our individual 
And collective traumas–slavery, violence
Internal, external, and systemic–
Across time zones and borders.

Perhaps too few of us have yet realized that
Pursuing greatness through vengeance
Will, sooner or later, be revealed
To be the basest form of pettiness.

Perhaps too few of us have yet relearned
That nature, however harsh she may seem
During pandemics, blizzards, floods, or fires, is
Also healing when we show respect and pay attention.

Trauma and Healing

Southern California at the start to 2025 has been the site of extensive trauma. Multiple wildfires are burning large areas around Los Angeles, abetted by fierce Santa Ana winds and a winter drought. Still not fully contained, the fires have killed dozens, forced mass evacuations, destroyed thousands of homes and businesses. 

People elsewhere haven’t been immune, either. Even if we’ve tried to shield ourselves from too much media exposure, we probably have heard about the New Year’s Day killing of New Orleans revelers by a disturbed military veteran who rammed his truck into a crowd. It’s hard to remain entirely oblivious to ongoing warfare and carnage in Ukraine, in Sudan, or in Gaza, where a limited ceasefire seems finally to be taking hold. 

As someone who came of age at the height of U.S. involvement in Vietnam in the late 1960’s, I’ve had long, indirect exposure to that war’s trauma. The Vietnam Veterans Memorial, dedicated in Washington, D.C. in 1982, is inscribed with the names of the over 58,000 American soldiers who lost their lives in that war. Estimates of the number of Vietnamese deaths in the period 1965-1975 range from about 750,000 to over 3 million, including both soldiers and civilians. Somewhere around a million Vietnamese survivors became “boat people,” making perilous sea journeys that eventually led many to settle in the U.S.  

The more people I get to know, the more history I learn, the more I become aware of traumas that have impacted millions of Americans. The past fifty years or so have uncovered more of the pain and dislocation of the chattel slavery practiced from about 1650 until the 1865 end of the American Civil War in the territory of the U.S. Even after the legal abolition of slavery, discriminatory practices and intimidation continued to severely circumscribe the lives of many former slaves. “Generational trauma” can persist, perpetuated by the lack of respect or opportunity accorded many African-Americans for centuries. 

Not all who are traumatized are black. More and more accounts are surfacing of gender-based violence, of violence in families, of mental illness or suicidal tendencies among those exposed to extended trauma. No amount of wealth, privilege, or fame seems sufficient to make one immune. 

Today we celebrate a holiday in honor of Martin Luther King, Jr., considered by many to be one of the most effective civil rights leaders during the 1950’s and 1960’s. King’s life began in racially segregated Atlanta, Georgia in January, 1929. Despite the constrictions of segregation, King excelled in his studies, attended Morehouse College, and later Boston University, where he completed his doctorate in 1955. Beginning in 1954, King also served as pastor of the Dexter Avenue Baptist Church in Montgomery, Alabama. In December, 1955, King was tapped to be the public face of the Montgomery Bus Boycott, started when Rosa Parks, a black woman, declined to give up her bus seat to a white passenger who boarded the bus at a later stop. King’s oratory and his negotiating skills were important in bringing the boycott to a successful conclusion after over a year.

King became known for his espousal of nonviolence, based partly on the practices of Indian independence pioneer Mahatma Gandhi. In some of his writings, King gave six principles of non-violence: 

1. Nonviolence is a way of life for courageous people.
2. Nonviolence seeks to win friendship and understanding.
3. Nonviolence seeks to defeat injustice, not people.
4. Nonviolence holds that suffering for a just cause can educate and transform.
5. Nonviolence chooses love instead of hate.
6. Nonviolence believes that the universe is on the side of justice.

King’s dedication to nonviolence was tested early during the bus boycott, when in January, 1956, his house was firebombed while he was away giving a speech at a nearby church. His wife and infant daughter were inside–fortunately they were not hurt. A mob of armed supporters later assembled bent on retribution, but King persuaded them to go home and lay down their weapons. Later, when on a book tour about the bus boycott in 1958, King was stabbed in the chest by a deranged woman. King was successfully operated on, recovered, and went on to lead further nonviolent protests. For years, he was hounded and wiretapped by J. Edgar Hoover’s FBI. He was jailed nearly thirty times, often on trumped up charges. If anyone should have become embittered or violent as a result of continued and multiple traumas, you’d think it might be MLK. 

Instead, as long as he was alive, he continued to work nonviolently for social change. He was not perfect, but his example of transcending trauma through the healing power of nonviolence is one we need to remember, especially now. 

Of Inflation and Inflatables

The calendar year 2024 will be over in a matter of hours. If I choose to watch or listen to this evening’s media, I’ll get a variety of summaries, explanations and interpretations of the year now ending. Whenever I’ve paid attention to pundits recently, I’ve gotten at least some commentary about inflation—the rising cost of most, if not all, consumer goods. 

Inflation hurts. So far, inflation has not hit me as hard as it has many others. Still, my prime earning years are long over. As time goes on, if inflation is not tamed, it will get harder for me to purchase extras. Eventually, even some things I consider basics may get priced beyond my capacity either to find less expensive substitutes or to switch some items I now buy ready-made to “make from scratch”.

So I’m thrilled that my neighbors have provided some holiday cheer at no cost to me. One of my joys this season has been walking around our neighborhood viewing the holiday decorations in nearby houses and yards. All that this viewing requires of me is a little exertion.

In this part of San Diego, it’s been a year of inflatables—replicas of holiday themed favorites such as Santas and elves, along with cartoon or animated film characters. Most of the figures rest in deflated sprawl during the day. As evening approaches, small electric motors kick in and the figures begin to rise, tethered and kept upright with ropes and/or anchors. It’s intriguing to see what neighbors have come up with. Because we’re in southern California’s “Disney country,” there are many Disney characters, along with Dr. Seuss Grinches. There’s been a rise in the number of “Bluey” likenesses, a recent Disney acquisition based on a children’s cartoon from Australia. Mixed in with the fantasy figures are figures of actual animals and plants. Often the displays are attached to real shrubs and trees that stay green in our mild climate in December.   

In a few days, this year’s inflatables will be more permanently deflated and stored away in attics, closets, or sheds. If electricity follows our inflationary trend, next year’s crop of inflatables may be slightly smaller. Perhaps we’ll substitute more natural materials.   

My wish for 2025 is that we will sooner or later succeed in reining in inflation. I think it will help if we remember that we are more stewards than owners of the natural world, that we are but one species among many. My hope is that more often than not, we’ll be able to avoid either an overinflated or an under inflated sense of our place in the grand scheme of things. Best wishes to all for a Happy New Year!   

Crow O’Clock

A few days ago, I had a morning commitment in downtown San Diego. To avoid the hassle of having to park downtown, I had driven from my suburban house to our nearest trolley stop, next to a local shopping center. After I’d parked, as I was approaching the stop, an outbound trolley disgorged its passengers. 

One, a middle aged woman, took a look at the pre-dawn sky just beginning to lighten and remarked to no one in particular, “Ah, crow o’clock, my favorite time to get off the trolley and be out in nature.” 

As I followed her gaze, I noticed over a hundred crows circling. Intrigued, I blurted out,  “Do they do this every morning?” 

“Yeah, it’s their time to get up after roosting in surrounding trees overnight.” 

Days are short this time of year. In our part of southern California, we get about 10 hours of daylight. As luck would have it, my downtown stint lasted most of the day, so I returned to my trolley stop just at dusk. The crows again were circling, this time preparing to roost. I’d gotten to see two “crow o’clocks” in a single day. 

My neighborhood doesn’t have as many crows as the valley where the trolley runs, but enough of the glossy black birds hang out here to provide near-constant background noise during daylight hours. I’d not paid too much attention, but after my encounter with the “crow o’clock” trolley rider, I decided to do a little online research. 

Among the tidbits I picked up: crows make a variety of vocalizations, up to 20 different sounds. Along with the “caw, caw” we typically associate with crows, I’ve started to notice a less loud sound our area birds sometimes make—sort of a cross between a chuckle and the noise of a can being opened with a manual can opener. 

Crows mate for life. Both partners participate in building a nest, a new one each breeding season. Once the baby birds hatch, both parents help feed them. Crows typically lay just one set of eggs per year. Out of a clutch of up to six eggs, three or four nestlings may make it to their first birthday. Older crow offspring sometimes stick around for a few years to help with younger nest mates. Crows that survive more than a year may live ten to fifteen years, with the oldest wild crow ever formally banded and studied surviving to nearly thirty. One captive bird in New York lived to be 59.  

There are over forty varieties of crows globally, one being the American crow, which ranges through much of the U.S. and parts of Canada. A variety of professionals and amateurs study crows, which have had legal protection since 1972, except when landowners believe the birds are damaging property or livestock (think scarecrows?).

If you are a glutton for crow knowledge, you can find a 90-minute presentation about crows, “To Know the Crow,” on the site of the Cornell Ornithology Lab, allaboutbirds.org. My favorite crow video is a much shorter snippet posted by author Kira Jane Buxton, about a female crow she’s named “Sharkey” who often accompanies her on daily walks.  

I’m not motivated to become a serious crow researcher, nor am I likely to develop a crow walking companion like Kira Buxton’s Sharkey. However, as the days slowly lengthen and also become chillier, I think I’ll arrange at least a few more trolley rides to correspond with “crow o’clock.”  

Holiday Traffic

Another Thanksgiving weekend. 
This year no need to fight traffic
To and from the grandmothers’ houses,
No need to spend hours circling
The parking lot at the nearest mall.
No need to go anywhere at all.

Now we are the grandparents.
Our muted celebration took place
Around our kitchen table, with
The other set of grandparents,
A daughter-in-law, a teen granddaughter
In attendance. Mostly vegetarian,

The feast also featured a small ham for
The meat eaters of the oldest generation.
We talked in pleasantries, mostly
Avoiding politics. The weather was warm
And sunny, as southern California often
Is in late November. Tomorrow, a wintry mix may

Disrupt the other grandparents’ flights
Back to the Northeast. Been there,
Done that. Especially the two winters
When Vermont was my, then our home.
The Thanksgiving before we reconnected, a blizzard
Delayed and almost sidelined Jim as he came north.

The following year, sleet and snow complicated
Our southbound journey, delaying our arrival at our elders’
House in northeast Philadelphia until nearly 4 a.m.
From a later home in Richmond, VA, we’d set out by car to see
Grandmas and Grandpas in Maryland and New Jersey,
Two growing boys sporadically squabbling in the back seat.

I watch with sometimes spiteful glee as
News clips feature clogged airports, or huge
Temporary parking lots on I-95 in both
Directions. Yes, Virginia, it can take nearly an hour
To clear the Delaware Memorial Bridge.
Still, I need to remain grateful for holiday traffic.

Nearly sixty years ago, the bus ride from Baltimore to D.C.
That usually lasted 45 minutes stretched to almost
Three times that long, giving my college-bound seat mate
And me time to thread our awkward conversation toward a
Slow-budding romance. Holiday traffic helped introduce me
To a future husband, children, grandchildren. Thanks be!  

Stories from a Family with Long Generations

After another bruising electoral season, we are individually and collectively beginning to recover and move on. As an older voter, I do not expect to participate in many more presidential elections. Still, I’m concerned about the rancorous legacy our generation seems to be leaving for those who come after us. 

As a grandparent, I’ve lately become one of our family’s storytellers. It’s my hope that by sharing my own family story and then by deeply listening to others, I may be able to find more common ground. I hope that we may as a community be able to diminish the worst excesses of partisan bitterness. Every family has its own instances of disasters and triumphs. My family’s stories are unique but likely not uncommon. 

Some aspects of my biological family’s history remain a mystery. What has come down to me has been partially shaped by our clan’s tendency toward long generations. It’s also been shaped by a generally privileged trajectory and multiple generations of residency in what is now the United States of America. 

Both sets of my grandparents were well into their sixties or seventies, living in Maryland, when I was born there in 1947. For my first eleven years, I lived next door to my maternal grandparents. That grandfather began life in 1869, so his earliest memories are from a time over 150 years ago. My other three grandparents were born in 1879. All four grandparents had stories to tell. 

My maternal grandfather, the man I called Pop-Pop, was born in Mississippi just after the U.S. Civil War. He was the youngest child in a family of former slaveholders, with one older brother and five older sisters. Pop-Pop recounted being frightened of the Union troops billeted in his family home during Reconstruction. He was later able to get a good education. He spent time as a school teacher before switching to bookkeeping about the time his first child was born in 1906.  

My maternal grandmother, nicknamed “Ginx,” was a 3-pound “preemie” born in January, 1879 in rural Virginia, in the days before many hospitals or “modern medicine.” Her parents later told her that for her first few months they had kept her in a makeshift incubator constructed by lining a laundry basket with warm bricks and cast-off blankets. Her father was a school superintendent in one of the counties where Pop-Pop taught school. 

My paternal grandfather was the second son in a family of midwestern small-scale farmers. He met my other grandmother while both were students at a telegraphy school in Kentucky. This particular school was run by a conman whose main goal seems to have been lining his own pockets. The two lovers conducted a lengthy, partially long-distance courtship, complicated by economic struggles plus the lingering animosity between northern and southern states. Grandpa was “Yankee bred,” Grandma a Southerner. They eventually wed at my great-grandfather’s North Carolina farm at Christmas in 1907. 

Grandpa and Grandma briefly attempted to homestead in Nebraska, but found the dry conditions and near-constant wind too much of a challenge. Grandpa later worked various clerical and administrative jobs, first for railroads and then for a government agency regulating interstate commerce. Grandma managed the small Maryland farm where they eventually settled and continued raising their children. 

(Portraits of my grandparents that a friend of my parents painted; they hung for years in the family dining room)

My dad made his entry into the family saga in 1912. Born in Ohio, he moved with the family to Maryland in 1920. Through grade school, he attended a two-room rural schoolhouse. By the time he was ready for college, the Great Depression had set in and money for tuition was scarce. Dad and his two older siblings took turns at the University of Maryland nearby, each finding what work they could to supplement the family income. They pooled their funds, helping each other pay college costs. Dad and his older brother John sold chickens and eggs from the farm. Aunt Lucy did clerical work. 

My mom showed up in 1917 as a “bonus” daughter, eleven years younger than her sister Margaret, five years younger than her brother Stuart. Family life was hectic as the “war to end all wars” came to a close in late 1918. The armistice was bracketed by a global flu pandemic that spared Mom’s family, but killed an estimated 50 million people worldwide. 

Aunt Margaret and Uncle Stu attended high school in Baltimore City. Though city tuition was somewhat expensive, Baltimore’s schools at the time were considered vastly superior to the small high school in the next-county village where Mom’s family lived. Pop-Pop and Granny spent much of the 1920’s ponying up city school tuition to give their children the best educational start they could. Pop-Pop had a job as a Baltimore-based bookkeeper. Granny earned money teaching piano pupils at home or in local schools. Then, just as Mom was ready to enter high school, the Depression hit. It limited Mom’s high school choices and nearly preempted her chance to attend college.

Within seven months during 1929-1930, Mom’s family experienced a one-two punch of reversals. The stock market crash in late October, 1929 did not directly impact them—Pop-Pop and Granny owned no stocks. The family’s downward spiral started about a month later with an “upward spiral.” On an unusually cold day just after Thanksgiving, a chimney fire broke out in their recently renovated kitchen. By the time the local fire brigade arrived, the fire had started to spread. They were unable to contain the blaze. Water from their hoses froze before it could reach the house’s high roof. The entire structure burned to the ground. The family found rental lodging, hoping to rebuild later. The following June, Pop-Pop, then sixty years old, was laid off from his job. The company he had worked for replaced most of their human staff with early calculating machines to cut costs. 

Somehow, Mom’s family persevered. Aunt Margaret and Uncle Stu were able to find jobs. Granny took correspondence courses in hotel management. She then got work as a full-time housekeeping supervisor at a Baltimore luxury hotel. Though she frowned at some alcohol-lubricated political shenanigans during the waning days of Prohibition, she held her tongue. Pop-Pop got what temporary work he could, once surviving a major 1933 flood while working as a night guard at a railroad construction site. 

Mom finished at the top of her high school class. She scraped together earnings and loans to attend college. The Depression eventually ended. Mom and Dad eventually met and married. Their “greatest generation” was partially shaped by the eras they grew up in—one global war, then boom times, then economic depression, followed by another global war. During the post-WWII baby boom, they produced me, my sister and two brothers. We’ve so far confronted different challenges, including a recent global pandemic with its accompanying trauma and dislocations.

What have been your family’s triumphs and trials? How may they influence your experience of the world going forward?